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イランが石油の関税支払いを中国人民元で行うことを求めており、第二次世界大戦以降のグローバル金融システムの根幹を成してきた「ペトロダラー体制」に挑戦する動きとして注目を集めている。

ペトロダラーとは、石油取引が米ドル建てで行われることで米ドルの国際基軸通貨としての地位を支える仕組みのことだ。イランのこの動きは、中国との経済的結びつきを強化すると同時に、米国の経済制裁を回避する狙いがある。

日本にとって極めて重要な地政学的変化だ。日本は原油の大部分を中東から輸入しており、石油取引のドル離れが進めば、円ドル為替レートや日本のエネルギーコストに直接影響する。また、人民元の国際化は、アジアの金融秩序にも大きな変動をもたらす可能性がある。

専門家は、ペトロダラー体制が一夜にして崩壊する可能性は低いとしながらも、長期的には多極化する通貨システムへの移行が進む可能性を指摘している。

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